The x86 protection model is notoriously complex, with four privilege rings, segmentation, paging, call gates, task switches, and virtual 8086 mode. What's interesting from a hardware perspective is how the 386 manages this complexity on a 275,000-transistor budget. The 386 employs a variety of techniques to implement protection: a dedicated PLA for protection checking, a hardware state machine for page table walks, segment and paging caches, and microcode for everything else.
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They all organize data by location so you can skip irrelevant regions, replacing "check everything" with "check the things that could possibly matter." That's what took us from a million comparisons to ten.
“十五五”时期,我国发展环境面临深刻复杂变化:向内看,人口老龄化程度加深,资源环境等硬约束增强,传统经济增长动力逐步减弱;向外看,经济全球化遭遇逆流,世界经济增长乏力。